Age, median (IQR)
|
35.5 (25‑51.5)
|
36 (27‑49)
|
34.5 (24‑57)
|
0.5
|
0
|
Gender [female], n (%)
|
32 (24.2%)
|
17 (25.7%)
|
15 (22.7%)
|
0.6
|
0
|
Trauma mechanism
| | | |
0.1
|
0
|
Blunt, n (%)
|
82 (62.1%)
|
37 (56%)
|
45 (68.1%)
| | |
Penetrating, n (%)
|
50 (37.9%)
|
29 (44%)
|
21 (31.9%)
| | |
ISS, median (IQR)
|
32 (25‑48)
|
32 (25‑48)
|
32.5 (25‑45)
|
0.7
| |
Pre-hosp CPR, n (%)
|
4/129 (3.1%)
|
1/64 (1.5%)
|
3/65 (4.6)
|
0.6
|
3
|
CPR on arrival, n (%)
|
3 (2.3%)
|
1 (1.5%)
|
2 (3%)
|
1
|
0
|
Admission SBP
| | | |
0.1
|
0
|
Not measurable
|
16 (12.1%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
7 (10.6%)
| | |
< 50
|
16 (12.1%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
7 (10.6%)
| | |
50‑80
|
80 (60.6%)
|
39 (59.1%)
|
41 (62.1%)
| | |
80‑100
|
9 (6.8%)
|
7 (10.6%)
|
2 (3%)
| | |
> 100
|
11 (8.3%)
|
2 (3%)
|
9 (13.6%)
| | |
Admission HR
| | | |
0.01
|
3
|
< 50
|
5/129 (3.8%)
|
4/65 (6.15%)
|
1/64 (1.5%)
| | |
50‑100
|
24/129 (18.6%)
|
12/65 (18.4%)
|
12/64 (18.7%)
| | |
100‑120
|
37/129 (28.6%)
|
25/65 (38.4%)
|
12/64 (18.7%)
| | |
> 120
|
63/129 (48.8%)
|
24/65 (36.9%)
|
39/64 (60.9%)
| | |
Admission HR ≥ 100, n (%)
|
100/129 (77.5%)
|
49/65 (75.3%)
|
51/64 (79.6%)
|
0.5
|
3
|
Arrhythmia on admission, n (%)
|
18/115 (15.6%)
|
7/66 (10.6%)
|
22/49 (22.4%)
|
0.08
|
17
|
Pupilary response, n (%)
|
115 (87.1%)
|
59 (89.3%)
|
56 (84.8%)
|
0.4
|
0
|
Admission INR, median (IQR)
|
1.36 (1.2‑1.6)
|
1.37 (1.23‑1.62)
|
1.35 (1.2‑1.6)
|
0.3
|
53
|
Admission pH, median (IQR)
|
7.19 (7.03‑7.28)
|
7.21 (7.03‑7.28)
|
7.19 (7‑7.27)
|
0.9
|
22
|
Admission lactate, median (IQR)
|
6.8 (4‑10.8)
|
5.8 (4.3‑10.8)
|
7.2 (4‑10.4)
|
0.4
|
33
|
PRBCs in first 24 h, median (IQR)
|
7 (4‑10)
|
6 (4‑10)
|
8 (4‑12)
|
0.3
|
0
|
FFP in first 24 h, median (IQR)
|
5 (2‑10)
|
6 (3‑9)
|
5 (2‑10)
|
0.4
|
4
|
Platelets in first 24 h, median (IQR)
|
2 (0‑6)
|
6 (0‑10)
|
2 (0‑4)
|
0.1
|
17
|
Laparotomy, n (%)
|
88/130 (67.7%)
|
45/65 (69.2%)
|
43/65 (66.1%)
|
0.7
|
2
|
Pelvic surgery, n (%)
|
22/121 (18.2%)
|
9/66 (13.6%)
|
13/55 (23.6%)
|
0.1
|
11
|
Embolization, n (%)
|
14/122 (11.4%)
|
2/66 (3%)
|
12/56 (21.4%)
|
0.001
|
10
|
REBOA procedure
| | | | | |
Access location
| | | |
0.09
| |
ER, n (%)
|
59 (44.7%)
|
24 (36.3%)
|
35 (53%)
| | |
OR, n (%)
|
71 (53.8%)
|
41 (62.1%)
|
30 (45.4%)
| | |
Angio, n (%)
|
2 (1.5%)
|
1 (1.5%)
|
1 (1.5%)
| | |
Access technique
| | | |
< 0.001
|
1
|
Blind, n (%)
|
48/131 (36.6%)
|
12/66 (18.1%)
|
36/65 (55.3%)
| | |
US guided, n (%)
|
38/131 (29%)
|
15/66 (22.7%)
|
23/65 (35.4%)
| | |
Cut down, n (%)
|
43/131 (32.8%)
|
38/66 (57.5%)
|
5/65 (7.6%)
| | |
Fluoroscopy, n (%)
|
2/131 (1.5%)
|
1/66 (1.5%)
|
1/65 (1.5%)
| | |
Primary performer
| | | |
0.001
|
11
|
Vascular surgeon, n (%)
|
18/121 (14.9%)
|
14/64 (21.8%)
|
4/57 (7%)
| | |
Radiologist, n (%)
|
7/121 (5.8%)
|
1/64 (1.5%)
|
6/57 (10.5%)
| | |
ER physician, n (%)
|
7/121 (5.8%)
|
6/64 (9.3%)
|
1/57 (1.7%)
| | |
Trauma surgeon, n (%)
|
82/121 (67.7%)
|
40/64 (62.5%)
|
42/57 (73.6%)
| | |
General surgeon, n (%)
|
3/121 (2.4%)
|
3/64 (4.6%)
|
0/57 (0%)
| | |
Anesthesiologist, n (%)
|
3/121 (2.5%)
|
0/64 (0%)
|
3/57 (5.2%)
| | |
Resident/fellow, n (%)
|
1 (2.5%)
|
0/64 (0%)
|
1/57 (1.7%)
| | |
SBP at REBOA initiation, median (IQR)
|
60 (40‑70)
|
50 (32‑65)
|
63 (50‑80)
|
< 0.001
|
6
|
Zone of occlusion
| | | |
0.1
|
0
|
Zone I, n (%)
|
98 (74.2%)
|
53 (80.3%)
|
45 (68.1%)
| | |
Zone II, n (%)
|
3 (2.2%)
|
2 (3%)
|
1 (1.5%)
| | |
Zone III, n (%)
|
31 (23.4%)
|
11 (16.7%)
|
20 (30.3%)
| | |
Confirmed balloon migration, n (%)
|
2 (1.5%)
|
1 (1.5%)
|
1 (1.5%)
|
1
|
0
|
Groin access complications, n (%)
|
16/125 (12.8%)
|
6/64 (9.3%)
|
10/61 (16.3%)
|
0.2
|
7
|
AKI, n (%)
|
21/129 (16.2%)
|
8/66 (12.1%)
|
13/63 (20.6%)
|
0.1
|
3
|
MODS, n (%)
|
54/124 (43.4%)
|
43/62 (69.3%)
|
11/62 (17.7%)
|
< 0.001
|
8
|
Respiratory failure, n (%)
|
33/125 (26.4%)
|
22/64 (34.4%)
|
11/61 (18%)
|
0.03
|
7
|
Sepsis, n (%)
|
15/125 (12%)
|
9/64 (14%)
|
6/61 (9.8%)
|
0.4
|
7
|
Ventilator days, median (IQR)
|
3 (1‑9)
|
3,5 (1‑9)
|
3 (1‑9)
|
0.6
|
5
|
Mortality, n (%)
|
57 (43.1%)
|
31 (49.9%)
|
26 (39.4%)
|
0.3
|
0
|