Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of the included studies. ITT intention-to-treat, EO endoscopy only group, PPA per-protocol-analysis, PTAE prophylactic embolization group, RC retrospective cohort study, RCT randomized-controlled trial, NS not specified
Study | Country | Design | Sample size | Follow-up period | Forrest class | PTAE indication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lau 2019 [8] | China | RCT | EO, 123 PTAE, 96 (PPA), 118 (ITT) | 30 days | Ia, 38 (17.4%) Ib, 82 (37.4%) IIa, 99 (45.2%) | Spurting hemorrhage during endoscopy; ulcers ≥ 20 mm; hemoglobin < 9 g/dL on admission; systolic pressure < 90 mmHg and pulse > 110 beats/min |
Laursen 2014 | Denmark | RCT | EO, 56 PTAE, 31 (PPA), 49 (ITT) | 30 days | Ia, 11 (10%) Ib, 34 (32%) IIa, 53 (50%) IIb, 7 (7%) | Forrest class I-IIb |
Mille 2015 [13] | Germany | RC | EO, 47 PTAE, 55 | 30 days | Ia, 19 (16%) Ib, 39 (33%) IIa, 14 (12%) IIb, 10 (9%) IIc, 8 (7%) III, 27 (23%) | Ulcer located in the posterior duodenal bulb; Forrest I-IIc with a Rockall Score ≥ 6; active bleeding or ulcer ≥ 1 cm on endoscopy; systolic pressure < 100 mm Hg, age > 80 years, ≥ 2 anticoagulants, ≥ 2 comorbidities |
Kamiski 2017 | Latvia | RC | EO, 50 PTAE, 25 | NS | Ia, 16 (21.3%) Ib, 11 (14.7%) IIa, 33 (44.0%) IIb, 15 (20.0%) | Forrest I-IIb and Rockall Score ≥5 |
Kamiski 2019 | Latvia | RC | EO, 341 PTAE, 58 | NS | Ia, 46 (11.5%) Ib, 61 (15.3%) IIa, 104 (26.1%) IIb, 188 (47.1%) | Forrest I-IIb and Rockall Score ≥5 |
Total | EO, 617 PTAE, 265 |