Fig. 3

Meta-analyses of the association between the effectiveness of trauma systems at different stages of development and mortality. A Non-trauma centre (NTC) vs trauma centre (TC) and mortality by year of publication (10 studies). B Non-trauma system (NTS) vs trauma system (TS) and mortality by year of publication (10 studies). C Post trauma implementation (initial system) vs mature system and mortality by year of publication (14 studies)