Table 1 Demographics of patients with (TE) and without TE (Non-TE)
Non-TE n = 10,113 (95.1%) | TE n = 521 (4.9%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years; mean ± S.D.) | 48 ± 19 | 53 ± 19 | < 0.001* |
Age ≥ 60 years, n (%) | 2892 (28.6%) | 203 (39.0%) | < 0.001* |
Male sex, n (%) | 6784 (67.1%) | 371 (71.2%) | 0.056 |
Concomitant diseases (ASA 3/4), n (%) | 1052 (11.8%) | 78 (17.5%) | 0.001* |
Blunt mechanism, n (%) | 9556 (98.4%) | 496 (98.4%) | 0.95 |
Accident mechanism | |||
Car, n (%) | 2676 (26.8%) | 135 (26.0%) | 0.71 |
Motorcycle, n (%) | 1568 (15.7%) | 91 (17.5%) | 0.26 |
Bike, n (%) | 522 (5.2%) | 29 (5.6%) | 0.71 |
Pedestrian, n (%) | 1054 (10.5%) | 59 (11.4%) | 0.55 |
Fall from height (> 3 m), n (%) | 2800 (28.0%) | 141 (27.2%) | 0.68 |
Low energy fall, n (%) | 610 (6.1%) | 24 (4.6%) | 0.17 |
ISS (points; mean ± S.D.) | 28 ± 10 | 32 ± 12 | < 0.001* |
AIS Head ≤ 3, n (%) | 1801 (17.8%) | 101 (19.4%) | 0.36 |
AIS Thorax ≥ 3, n (%) | 6318 (62.5%) | 353 (67.8%) | 0.015* |
AIS Abdomen ≥ 3, n (%) | 2390 (23.6%) | 189 (36.3%) | < 0.001* |
AIS Spine ≥ 3, n (%) | 1241 (12.3%) | 87 (16.7%) | 0.003* |
AIS Pelvis ≥ 3, n (%) | 6007 (69.3%) | 375 (72.0%) | 0.19 |
AIS Extremities ≥ 3, n (%) | 8137 (80.5%) | 432 (82.9%) | 0.17 |
Legs injured (AIS ≥ 2) | 4607 (45.6%) | 295 (56.6%) | < 0.001* |
Shock (BP ≤ 90 mmHg) | |||
Prehospital, n (%) | 1464 (16.3%) | 107 (24.0%) | < 0.001* |
ER, n (%) | 1587 (16.6%) | 133 (27.5%) | < 0.001* |
Organ failure, n (%) | 4088 (43.2%) | 331 (66.3%) | < 0.001* |
Multi organ failure, n (%) | 2405 (25.4%) | 242 (48.4%) | < 0.001* |
OF respiratory, n (%) | 1775 (18.8%) | 180 (36.1%) | < 0.001* |
OF coagulation, n (%) | 1693 (17.9%) | 168 (33.7%) | < 0.001* |
Sepsis, n (%) | 812 (8.7%) | 127 (26.0%) | < 0.001* |
Number of operative procedures, mean, S.D | 4.5 ± 5.8 | 8.0 ± 9.8 | < 0.001* |
Transfusion (y/n), n (%) | 2408 (23.8%) | 210 (40.3%) | < 0.001* |
PRBC (n; mean ± S.D.) | 1.4 ± 3.9 | 3.4 ± 7.9 | < 0.001* |
Infused volume prehospital (ml; mean ± S.D.) | 943 ± 679 | 1046 ± 777 | 0.013* |
Infused volume ER (ml; mean ± S.D.) | 1729 ± 2000 | 2609 ± 2757 | < 0.001* |
Mechanical ventilation (days; mean ± S.D.) | 5.1 ± 9.8 | 11.2 ± 15.4 | < 0.001* |
ICU LOS (days; mean ± S.D.) | 11 ± 14 | 21 ± 23 | < 0.001* |
Overall hospital LOS (days; mean ± S.D.) | 29 ± 22 | 42 ± 33 | < 0.001* |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 486 (4.8%) | 89 (17.1%) | < 0.001* |