Table 1 Baseline study characteristics
Study ID | Intervention groups | Year | Study design | Study center design | Patient population | Number of patients (n) | Adjustment for confounding | ISS Mean(SD) Median [IQR] | Age Mean (SD) Median [IQR] | Concurrent Head Injury n (%) | Hospital LOS (days) | ICU LOS (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alejandro et al. (N = 114) | ≤ 48 h | 2003 | Retrospective cohort | Single center | Splenic injuries | 50 | None | 18.5 (9.1) | 36.7 (19.1) | – | 12.5 (16.6) | 11.2 (8.2) |
> 48 h | 64 | 16.8 (8.3) | 38.3 (16.0) | 10.8 (13.1) | 14.7 (9.7) | |||||||
Datta et al. (N = 72) | ≤ 48 h | 2009 | Retrospective cohort | Multicenter | Hepatic injuries | 27 | None | 22 (mean) | 37 (mean) | 0/27 (0) | 14 | 8 |
> 48 h | 45 | 25 (mean) | 42 (mean) | 0/45 (0) | 26 | 9 | ||||||
Eberle et al. (N = 111) | < 72 h | 2011 | Retrospective cohort | Single center | Blunt SOI | 41 | Multivariable Regression | 21.9 (9.7) | 37.5 (15.7) | 9/41 (22.0) | – | – |
≥ 72 h | 70 | 24.6 (10.0) | 36.3 (14.3) | 27/70 (40.0) | – | – | ||||||
Joseph et al. (N = 116) | ≤ 48 h | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | Single center | Blunt SOI | 58 | Propensity Score Matching | 17 [12–19] | 39.5 (18.2) | – | 3.9 (2.9) | 2.1 (1.9) |
48–72 h | 29 | 17 [14–24] | 44.3 (21.4) | 4.1 (3.6) | 2.5 (2.1) | |||||||
≥ 72 h | 29 | 17 [13–26] | 45.1 (22.9) | 4.8 (4.1) | 2.4 (2.3) | |||||||
Rostas et al. (N = 328) | < 48 h | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | Multicenter | Blunt SOI | 103 | None | 18.7 (mean) | – | 3/103 (2.9) | – | – |
48–72 h | 54 | 22.6 (mean) | 7/54 (13.0) | – | – | |||||||
> 72 h | 171 | 36.9 (mean) | 12/171 (7.0) | – | – | |||||||
Kwok et al. (N = 256) | < 24 h | 2016 | Retrospective cohort | Single center | Splenic injuries | 23 | None | 19 [14–29] | 40 (17) | 0/23 (0) | 13 (15.0) | 5 (11.0) |
24–48 h | 91 | 0/91 (0) | 8 (6.0) | 2 (5.0) | ||||||||
48–72 h | 65 | 0/65 (0) | 14 (15.0) | 7 (13.0) | ||||||||
> 72 h | 77 | 0/77 (0) | 17 (17.0) | 8 (14.0) | ||||||||
Murphy et al. (N = 162) | < 48 h | 2016 | Retrospective cohort | Single center | Blunt SOI | 78 | None | 21 (9) | 43 (19) | 0/78 (0) | 7 [4–9] | 3 [1–6] |
≥ 48 h | 84 | 17 (9) | 41 (18) | 0/84 (0) | 4 [3–7] | 4 [3–7] | ||||||
Khatsilouskaya et al. (N = 142) | ≤ 72 h | 2017 | Retrospective cohort | Single center | Blunt SOI | 80 | None | 17 [11] | 38.4 [29.4] | 10/80 (12.5) | – | – |
> 72 h | 62 | 29 [21] | 36.8 [30.7] | 20/62 (32.3) | – | – | ||||||
Schellenberg et al. (N = 118) | ≤ 48 h | 2019 | Prospective cohort | Single center | Blunt SOI | 61 | None | 17 [14–22] | 36 [27–54] | 5/61 (8.0) | 6 [4–11] | 3 [2–6] |
> 48 h | 57 | 22 [17–27] | 36 [27–56] | 18/57 (32.0) | 14 [7–35] | 7 [4–12] | ||||||
Gaitanidis et al. (N = 3223) | < 48 h | 2021 | Retrospective cohort | Multicenter | Blunt SOI | 1832 | Multivariable Regression | 14 [10–17] | 34 [24–50] | 0/1832 (0) | – | – |
48–72 h | 703 | 16 [13–20] | 33 [24–52] | 0/703 (0) | – | – | ||||||
> 72 h | 688 | 16 [13–21] | 37 [25–55] | 0/688 (0) | – | – |