Fig. 2

Clinical decision pathways and outcomes for patients sustaining abdominal stab wounds causing renal injuries. NOM = Non-operative management. Failure of NOM was defined as a need for laparotomy. Successful NOM patients were managed without the need for surgical intervention. Primary surgery is defined as the need for emergent/urgent laparotomy directly from the emergency department prior to admission to a hospital ward/intensive care unit. SSI = Surgical Site Infection