Table 3 Risk of bias summary: judgment of each domain for all included studies using the Quality of Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool
Study | Study participation | Study attrition | Prognostic factor measurement | Outcome measurement | Study confounding | Statistical analysis and reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mohammad 2018 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
Colin 2021 | Low | High | Moderate | Low | High | Low |
Trotter 2018 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Low |
Matsushima 2017 | Low | High | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
Samer 2019 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Moderate |
Rebecca 2016 | Low | High | Low | Low | High | Low |
Du 2014 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Moderate |
Brandt 2019 | Low | High | Low | Low | High | Low |
Lisa 2018 | Low | High | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
Samantha 2021 | Low | High | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
Rangel 2016 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | High |