Table 1 Four key questions and the working groups of experts who contributed to the WSES guidelines on iatrogenic urinary tract injuries (IUTIs) prevention and management

Question no. 1: What is the effectiveness of preventive interventions for IUTI during emergency digestive surgery?

Nicola de’Angelis

Carlo Alberto Schena and Aleix Martínez-Pérez

Mario Testini, Angela Gurrado, Michele Diana, Dieter Weber, Luca Ansaloni, Raul Coimbra, Gianluca Pellino, Geoffrey Yuet Mun Wong, Ernest E Moore, Fausto Rosa, Alfredo Tonsi and Federico Coccolini

Question no. 2: In the case of IUTI detected intra-operatively, what are the possible management strategies and what are the decision criteria to consider?

Fabrizio Dal Moro

Francesco Marchegiani

Salomone Di Saverio, Osvaldo Chiara, Walter Biffl, Miklosh Bala, Carlos Ordonez, Ari Leppäniemi, Manos Pikoulis, Edward Tan, Mauro Podda, Brian Anthony Tian Wei Cheng, Riccardo Memeo, Massimo Chiarugi and Fernando J Kim

Question no. 3: In the case of IUTI detected postoperatively, what are the possible management strategies and correct timing to intervene?

Fausto Catena

Elisa Reitano

Andrew W Kirkpatrick, Ronald V Maier, Michele Ammendola, Michele Pisano, Richard P Ten Broek, Yoram Kluger, Jeffry L Kashuk, Andrew B Peitzman, Jim Khan, Paschalis Gavriilidis, Alexandre Ingels, Riccardo Inchingolo, Marco Dioguardi Burgio, Emilio Sacco and Graziano Ceccarelli

Question no. 4: In the case of IUTI, what is the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? And regarding the use of antibiotics, which is the recommended type and duration?

Massimo Sartelli

Belinda De Simone

Gustavo Fraga, Rao Ivatury, Marco Ceresoli, Zaher Lakkis, Oreste Romeo, Filippo Aisoni, Edoardo Picetti, Vanni Agnoletti, Fikri M Abu-Zidan and Stefania Cimbanassi