Fig. 2

Forest plot of studies for operative vs non-operative management. Forest plots of studies examining A mortality, B the incidence of pneumonia, C the need for tracheostomy, D the duration of echanical ventilation, E the length of ICU stay, and F the length of hospital stay for operative vs non-operative management. M-H, Mantel–Haenszel; CI, confidence interval; and SD, standard deviation; IV, inverse variance