A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing nonoperative and operative management of chest trauma with multiple rib fractures

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Author	Year	Fracture type	Primary outcome	Number of patients			Age (mean)		Number of males		Number of fractures		ISS (mean)		MV at randomization (%)
Author	Year	Fracture type	Primary outcome	SM	NSM	Total	SM	NSM	SM	NSM	SM	NSM	SM	NSM	SM	NSM
Tanaka [20]	2002	Flail	MV days	18	19	37	43	46	43	46	8.2	8.2	33	30	100	100
Granetzny [21]	2005	Flail	Pulmonary function	20	20	40	40.5	36	17	14	4.4	4.6	16.8	18	35	45
Marasco [22]	2012	Flail	MV days/ ICU stay	23	23	46	57.8	59.3	20	20	11	11.3	35	30	100	100
Wu [23]	2015	Flail	MV days/ ICU stay	75	89	164	52	51	75	89	8.7	8.3	20.3	18.5	28	30.3
Liu [24]	2019	Flail	Mortality	27	26	53	41.6	39.6	21	20	6.3	5	29	27.7	NA	NA
Pieracci [25]	2020	Simple	Pain	51	59	110	54.6	55.3	39	43	7	7	13	14	0	0
Marasco [26]	2022	Flail	Pain	61	63	124	59.1	55	48	51	6.7	6.7	14.7	16	0	0
Dehghan [10]	2022	Flail or severe chest wall deformity	Ventilator-free days	108	99	207	52.9	53.2	81	75	10.1	10.5	25.3	26	41	46
Meyer [11]	2023	Flail segment without clinical flail chest	Length of hospital stay	42	42	84	50	49	28	31	8.3	7.7	23.7	21.3	NA	NA

ISS Injury Severity Score; MV mechanical ventilation; SM surgical management; NSM non-surgical management; ICU intensive care unit; NA not available

ISSN: 1749-7922