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Table 4 Difference in type of ASPs and related implemented types of interventions in surgical departments and non-surgical departments

From: The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship—results from an international cross-sectional survey

Characteristics

Surgical departments, n = 136

n (%)

Other departments, n = 19

n (%)

P value

Total, n = 155

n (%)

Type of ASPs

- Persuasive interventions

23 (16.9)

7 (36.8)

0.06a

30 (19.4)

- Restrictive interventions

14 (10.3)

3 (15.8)

0.44a

17 (11.0)

- Both

99 (72.8)

9 (47.4)

<0.05

108 (69.7)

Type of interventions

- Dissemination of educational materials

85 (62.5)

8 (42.1)

0.15

93 (60.0)

- Reminders

56 (41.2)

8 (42.1)

1.00

64 (41.3)

- Audit and feedback

75 (55.1)

4 (21.1)

<0.05

79 (51.0)

- Educational outreach

73 (53.7)

10 (52.6)

1.00

83 (53.6)

- Other persuasive interventions

23 (16.9)

3 (15.8)

1.00a

26 (16.8)

- Compulsory order form

70 (51.5)

7 (36.8)

0.34

77 (49.7)

- Expert approval

83 (61.0)

5 (26.3)

<0.05

88 (56.8)

- Restriction by removal

41 (30.1)

2 (10.5)

0.13

43 (27.7)

- Review and make changes

36 (26.5)

1 (5.3)

<0.05a

37 (23.9)

- Other restrictive interventions

10 (7.4)

3 (15.8)

0.20a

13 (8.4)

  1. All p values were calculated using two-sided chi-square test unless otherwise noted
  2. ASP antimicrobial stewardship program
  3. aCalculated using two-sided Fisher’s exact test