Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
Massimo Sartelli
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Francesco M. Labricciosa & Pamela Barbadoro
Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
Leonardo Pagani
General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
Luca Ansaloni
Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
Adrian J. Brink
Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape town, South Africa
Adrian J. Brink
World Alliance against Antibiotics Resistance, Rome, Italy
Jean Carlet
Center for Critical Care, Anaesthesiology Institute and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Ashish Khanna
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon
Alain Chichom-Mefire
Department of Surgery, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
Federico Coccolini
Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Salomone Di Saverio
Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Addison K. May
Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant’Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Pierluigi Viale
Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
Richard R. Watkins
Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
Richard R. Watkins
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
Luigia Scudeller
Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Lilian M. Abbo
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
Fikri M. Abu-Zidan
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Abdulrashid K. Adesunkanmi
Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
Sara Al-Dahir
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
Majdi N. Al-Hasan
General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey
Halil Alis
Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Carlos Alves & Nuno Rocha Pereira
Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
André R. Araujo da Silva
Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Goran Augustin
Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Miklosh Bala
Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Philip S. Barie
Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
Marcelo A. Beltrán
Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Aneel Bhangu
Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
Belefquih Bouchra
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA, USA
Stephen M. Brecher
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Stephen M. Brecher
Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Miguel A. Caínzos
Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico
Adrian Camacho-Ortiz
Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
Marco Catani
Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Sujith J. Chandy
Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia
Asri Che Jusoh
Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec
Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy
Osvaldo Chiara
Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
Elif Colak
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Oliver A. Cornely
Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
Yunfeng Cui
Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
Zaza Demetrashvili
Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes, France
Belinda De Simone
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Jan J. De Waele
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
Sameer Dhingra
Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
Sameer Dhingra
Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
Francesco Di Marzo
Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
Agron Dogjani
School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Gereltuya Dorj
Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Laurent Dortet
Department of Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
Therese M. Duane
Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
Mutasim M. Elmangory
Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Mushira A. Enani
Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Paula Ferrada
Department of Surgery, Clinica Foianini, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
J. Esteban Foianini
Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russia
Mahir Gachabayov
Department of Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
Chinmay Gandhi
Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Wagih Mommtaz Ghnnam
Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Helen Giamarellou
Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Georgios Gkiokas
Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
Harumi Gomi
University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb, Croatia
Tatjana Goranovic
General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Ewen A. Griffiths
Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima, Peru
Rosio I. Guerra Gronerth
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande, Brazil
Julio C. Haidamus Monteiro
Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Timothy C. Hardcastle
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Andreas Hecker
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123, Parakou, Benin
Adrien M. Hodonou
Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Orestis Ioannidis
Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
Arda Isik
Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut, Lebanon
Katia A. Iskandar
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Hossein S. Kafil
Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
Souha S. Kanj
Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Lewis J. Kaplan
Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India
Garima Kapoor
Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Aleksandar R. Karamarkovic
Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Jakub Kenig
Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen, Belgium
Ivan Kerschaever
Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
Faryal Khamis
Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus
Vladimir Khokha
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Ronald Kiguba
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
Hong B. Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
Wen-Chien Ko
Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Kaoru Koike
Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City, Ukraine
Iryna Kozlovska
Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Anand Kumar
Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Leonel Lagunes
Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Rifat Latifi
Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Jae G. Lee
Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, USA
Young R. Lee
Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland
Ari Leppäniemi
Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
Yousheng Li
Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Stephen Y. Liang
Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Warren Lowman
Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Paraguay
Gustavo M. Machain
Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany
Marc Maegele
Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Piotr Major
Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Sydney Malama
Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
Ramiro Manzano-Nunez
First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
Athanasios Marinis
Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
Isidro Martinez Casas
Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
Sanjay Marwah
Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Emilio Maseda
Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
Michael E. McFarlane
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ziad Memish
Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Dominik Mertz
Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Cristian Mesina
Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shyam K. Mishra
Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
Ernest E. Moore
Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa, Namibia
Akutu Munyika
Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Lena Napolitano
Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Ionut Negoi
Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis, Serbia
Milica D. Nestorovic
Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT, USA
David P. Nicolau
Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
Abdelkarim H. Omari
Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
Carlos A. Ordonez
Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
José-Artur Paiva
Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal
Narayan D. Pant
Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
Jose G. Parreira
Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
Michal Pędziwiatr
Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
Bruno M. Pereira
Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon
Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Garyphallia Poulakou
John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
Jacobus Preller
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
Céline Pulcini
Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital ‘Gailezers’, Riga, Latvia
Guntars Pupelis
Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama, Panama
Martha Quiodettis
National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
Timothy M. Rawson
Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife, Brazil
Tarcisio Reis
Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia
Miran Rems
Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Sandro Rizoli
Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Jason Roberts
Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Boris Sakakushev
JPS Health Network, Texas, TX, USA
James Sanders
Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela, Portugal
Natalia Santos
Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
Norio Sato
Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Robert G. Sawyer
Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Sandro Scarpelini
Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
Loredana Scoccia
Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Nusrat Shafiq
Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore
Vishalkumar Shelat
Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Costi D. Sifri
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
Boonying Siribumrungwong
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
Kjetil Søreide
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Kjetil Søreide
Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
Rodolfo Soto
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Hamilton P. de Souza
Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia
Peep Talving
Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam
Ngo Tat Trung
Department of Infectious Diseases, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
Jeffrey M. Tessier
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
Mario Tumbarello
First Department of Surgery—Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Jan Ulrych
Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Selman Uranues
Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Harry Van Goor
Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
Andras Vereczkei
Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Florian Wagenlehner
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
Yonghong Xiao
Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Kuo-Ching Yuan
Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria
Agnes Wechsler-Fördös
Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France
Jean-Ralph Zahar
Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Tanya L. Zakrison
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Brian Zuckerbraun
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Wietse P. Zuidema
Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy
Fausto Catena
MS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All the authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the final draft.